Thursday, July 7, 2011

House of Shelves

-Yahoo! Real Estate

The innovative 'Shelf-pod' house in Osaka, Japan can hold 10 tons of books.
Photo: Kazuya Morita Architecture Studio

Floor-to-ceiling, wall-to-wall shelving defines a compact, 557-square-foot home in Osaka prefecture, Japan, designed by Japanese Architect Kazuya Morita.

Designed for a young historian with an extensive book collection in Islamic history, Morita designed the house with interlocking laminated pine boards that slot together to form a lattice of towering shelving units.

Every element -- from the stairs to the windows -- were scaled to the individual shelf unit, "with the aim of achieving geometrical harmony which is comparable to Islamic architecture," Morita's website notes.

The shelving had to be strong enough to support the entire house. "This is an unusual structure. I never experienced this kind of architecture," said Morita, who declined to disclose the cost to build the house. Numerous tests and experiments were run on models to ensure the structural integrity and convince city planning officials to issue a building permit. The home's exterior features a painted clay and bamboo wall, with cedar exterior wall plate. The interior is finished with plaster.

Exterior of the shelf-pod house in Osaka.
Photo: Kazuya Morita Architecture Studio

"It can support 10 tons of books," said Morita, who opened his architecture studio in 2000. And, he added, "it can survive earthquakes."

The shelving even extends into the home's bathroom, covering a wall above the toilet and bathtub.

Construction of the shelving for the "Shelf-Pod" home began in mid-2006, and the home was completed in March 2007. Morita's website details the many stages of construction, including the preconstruction of the large shelving units, which were assembled and structurally tested in a massive laboratory at Kyoto University's Katsura Campus.

He commented in a blog post that the client "was not entirely (sure) how to use this," when he saw the design. Morita also commented that he was "rather pleasantly surprised," during a visit to the home in 2008, to see how the client had furnished the home and was using the space.

A good place for knick-knacks.
Photo: Kazuya Morita Architecture Studio

Considered part of a new generation of architects, the 39-year-old Morita has wowed interior design and architecture critics with the Shelf-Pod and some other innovative and unique housing designs, including the "Pentagonal House." He noted that the Shelf-Pod was one of his most ambitious and challenging projects.

For Morita, the Shelf-Pod embodies a movement toward smaller, greener houses, and the increasing need to build more compactly in crowded big cities and retrenching suburban communities. He describes his work as a harmonious marriage of traditional and modern architecture, which incorporates sustainable materials and eco-friendly amenities. His homes blend indoor and outdoor environments and demonstrate that comfortable living can come in small spaces.

"Japanese architecture always has to be smaller. We have to live more efficiently," he said in an interview from his office in Kyoto, Japan. "Many big cities have the same problems. They are sprawling and sprawling. It's a very international situation." His smaller home designs, he said, are "very useful in China, New York, London and other big cities."

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Wednesday, July 6, 2011

Banks Are Using Dodd-Frank to Fight Capital Requirements

-CNBC

Washington lobbyists have been hard at work marshaling opposition to any attempts to impose a capital surcharge on our nation's largest banks.

One of their most persuasive points seems to be that under the new Dodd-Frank regulatory regime banks are so tightly regulated that additional capital requirements are unnecessary.

"We don't need additional capital to prevent future bailouts. The government already has the orderly resolution authority to make sure that no one is too big to fail," one lobbyist told me.

In other words, banks are trying to use Dodd-Frank as a shield against the only plausibly effective shield against future bailouts.

I won't go into the case against resolution authority here. The FDIC says it will be effective. The banks agree. That's all you should need to know to throw the entire thing into doubt.

Unfortunately, the banks seem to have found gullible dupes among the Republicans, many of whom are all too eager to see new capital requirements as an attempt to over-regulate or interfere with market processes.

I know it is probably useless to try to teach politically-minded people anything. If they were open to persuasion they probably wouldn't be effective partisans to begin with. Ideological commitment, especially among the so-called moderates, is almost a pre-requisite to political success.

But let me try anyway.

The failure to impose additional capital requirements would allow our biggest banks to continue to enjoy the advantage of a decisive government subsidy. That subsidy comes in the form of the advantage they enjoy in funding their operations from the conviction among counter-parties that they will—come hell or high water—be bailed out.

Everyone in the world knows that there is no way Bank of America [BAC 10.70 -0.30 (-2.73%) ]or Citigroup [C 41.65 -0.92 (-2.16%) ] will ever be allowed to fail. Put all the anti-bailout language in the world into every bill passed by Congress, but no one will believe it. Everyone remembers that Barney Frank used to scream up and down the corridors of the Capitol Building that there was no government backing for Fannie Mae. As it turns out, there was. And is.

Higher capital requirements for the largest banks do not interfere with the operation of the free market. They are a necessary counterbalance to a government-created imbalance in the markets.

If you favor markets and oppose bailouts, there's really no choice but to support increased capital requirements for the biggest banks. The banks may talk a free market game, but all they are really doing is protecting their government-supplied subsidy.

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Cities Unaffected by a Bad Economy

-Yahoo! Finance

The U.S. unemployment rate crept back up to 9% last week, but some cities are feeling the pain far worse than others.

Roughly 112 metro areas in the U.S. are still dealing with 10% unemployment or greater. That's down from 166 at the same time last year, but tell that to folks in El Centro, Calif., where nearly one in every four people is unemployed. The Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario area in California is still dealing with nearly 14% unemployment, while the 13.3% unemployment in Las Vegas is not only driving up foreclosures, but driving down traffic to its McCarran airport. Passenger numbers fell off 2.6% last year.

On the other side of the recovery, more than 210 cities are below the average U.S. rate and 65 areas dipped below 7%. If you've got a sweet gig at the University of Nebraska or have a steady buyer for your grain or corn-based ethanol, count yourself among the lucky residents of Lincoln, Neb., who aren't part of the city's absurdly low 4.1% unemployment rate. That's still up from 3% just two years ago, however, and is only a hair better than the 4.2% rate in Bismarck, N.D.

It takes more than just a low unemployment rate in a small town to show the world you've weathered years of recession-fueled financial woes. With help from the Census Department, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, TheStreet found U.S. cities that not only withstood the economic downturn, but seemingly ignored it:


©Anthony Bolante/Blixah/AP

Austin, Texas

Reported GDP in 2009: $73 billion
Reported GDP today: $78.4 billion
Unemployment: 6.8%
Population change 2000-10: 20.4%

The locals want to keep Austin weird, and having a glut of jobs and a growing city definitely qualifies as weird during a period of financial turmoil. Heavy hitters such as Dell, the University of Texas, Whole Foods and Forestar Group have helped by doling out jobs, and newcomers such as Samsung have added to the city's work force. But a town that's staked its reputation on art-and-music-fueled funkiness seems to expand every time the South By Southwest music, technology and movie festival rolls through.


©Alex Brandon/AP

Washington, D.C.

Reported GDP in 2009: $366.6 billion
Reported GDP today: $407.5 billion
Unemployment: 5.8%
Population change 2000-10: 2.8%

With government jobs, lobbying and contracting gigs linked to those government jobs, a huge law community, a heavy tourist draw and the bolstering presence of universities such as Georgetown, George Washington, Howard and American and companies including Danaher and Pepco Holdings, D.C. and its surrounding areas were doing just fine before the recession. When the government decided the best way to upend that recession was to beat it over the head with money until it went away, that certainly didn't hurt the city's cause.


©City of Augusta

Augusta, Ga.

Reported GDP in 2009: $17 billion
Reported GDP today: $18.4 billion
Unemployment: 8.4%
Population change 2000-10: 0.3%

It's not all of the sun-baked fellows in the galleries yelling "It's in the hole" at the Masters Tournament or the tourists getting a taste of the city's powerfully hot summers that have kept the city growing and its unemployment numbers on the wane since 2009. Instead, Augusta steeled itself against the recession in the best way a city can -- by building its economy around a recession-proof industry. In Augusta's case, the medical, biotech and military communities provided a stable base as the rest of Georgia crashed. The state's unemployment mark still sits at 9.8%, above the national average, but a large medical community and an Army Signal Corps facility allowed Augusta to keep its cool.


©Andy Manis/AP

Madison, Wis.

Reported GDP in 2009: $31.2 billion
Reported GDP today: $34.8 billion
Unemployment: 5.7%
Population change 2000-10: 11.6%

If that 5.7% unemployment rate looks enticing, you should have been in Madison during the recession in 2009, when unemployment was at 3.5%. That's not a headline from The Onion, either, as the University of Wisconsin, the state government (protests and all) and the surrounding medical and biotech communities have largely shielded Madison from the recession's effects. Companies such as Spectrum Brands seem fairly happy here as well, which has created a business base that makes Wisconsin grads slightly more inclined to stay.


©gmar/flickr

Boulder, Colo.

Reported GDP in 2009: $16.2 billion
Reported GDP today: $17.6 billion
Unemployment: 6.9%
Population change 2000-10: 5.8%

The University of Colorado gets all the credit for keeping jobs around but, like Austin, Boulder's hippie roots and artistic bent do a nice job of keeping the foot traffic moving and keeping the place just a little quirky. This helps spice up the job mix a bit by placing ad firm Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Celestial Seasonings tea and plastic sandal maker Crocs to the list of employers, but the area still relies heavily on scientific institutions such as the Center For Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Space Science Institute, as well as straitlaced companies including IBM, Lockheed Martin and Ball Aerospace & Technologies to keep the party going.

Click here to see the full list of Cities Unaffected by a Bad Economy

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Loan Limit: Will It or Won't It Hurt Housing?

-CNBC News

A few weeks ago the National Association of Home Builders put out a report asserting that new lower loan limits going into effect in October at Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) "will reduce housing demand and place downward pressure on home prices in major housing markets."

On the blog that day, I wrote that the games were only beginning.

Now another report, this time from researchers at George Washington University, is suggesting just the opposite, that lower loan limits may raise cost for a very few borrowers, but overall will not affect most mortgage shoppers.

The report focuses on the FHA, claiming, "The FHA still could serve 95 percent of its historic targeted market even if the maximum FHA loan limit were reduced by nearly 50 percent." Its market share right now (30 percent) far exceeds its target population.

“FHA’s expansion played a major role in keeping the housing market afloat during the economic collapse of 2008 and 2009,” said Robert Van Order, co-author of the report. “However, we now are left with large loan limits that were set when home prices at the top of the bubble. They don’t reflect current market conditions and are unlikely to assist the FHA in reaching its historical constituencies – first time, minority and low income homebuyers."

After analysis, researchers concluded that a loan limit of $350,000 in high cost markets at $200,000 in the lowest cost markets would, "satisfy more than 95 percent of FHA's target constituency."

Economist Paul Dales at Capital Economics extrapolates to Fannie and Freddie, and agrees, albeit with concerns: "The scheduled reduction in conforming mortgage loan limits at the start of October is unlikely to trigger a further precipitous fall in house prices as some have suggested. Nevertheless, it certainly won't help the market at a time when millions of households already can't obtain a mortgage."

Dales cites FHFA (the overseer of Fannie and Freddie) studies which find that the lower loan limits, "will only affect 250 counties, or just 8 percent of the 3,000 counties in the U.S.…in 2010 the GSE's provided just 50,000 mortgages ($3b) where the loan amount was above the new limits. That's just 5 percent of all new mortgages provided by the GSE's last year and 3-4 percent of new loans issued by all lenders."

He then adds that those left on the outside of the loan limits will just go get jumbo loans, even though they come at a higher price. I would add that they also come with even tougher credit standards, not that conforming loans these days aren't tough enough to obtain.

A big issue, though, is who will fund this jumbo loan market that is about to get many more customers. Also, the bulk of the sales action right now is on the lower end of the market.

If we're going to return to a "normal" housing market, we need those move-up buyers. Yes, the distress is on the low end, but the mid range is stalled, and that's not healthy. I'm sure we'll be hearing more as we near the fall.

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Tuesday, July 5, 2011

Some Real Estate Agents Are In Cahoots With Fraudsters

-Huffington Post

"Profiteers are able to identify vulnerable homeowners by paying real estate agents for referrals," Coop wrote in Secondary Marketing Executive Magazine. Then the profiteer "works to persuade the homeowner that a short sale is the best solution."

Coop is president of Interthinx, a company that offers fraud detection solutions for lenders and investors. His comments about short-sale swindlers are particularly timely because Bank of America and Wells Fargo are taking draconian steps to stop real estate agents from conspiring with fraudster to skim millions of dollars from lenders by fraudulently "flopping" properties.

Flipping real estate contracts was in vogue when quickly escalating prices allowed risk-takers to make quick profits during the real estate boom. But with declining prices, scammers are using short sales to make a fast buck by purchasing properties at below-market prices and immediately flopping them to new buyers. And lenders want real estate agents to do more due diligence to prevent fraud.

Bank of America and Wells Fargo are requiring realty agents involved in short sales to sign an affidavit attesting that the sale is bona fide and that the property will not be resold within the next few months. It requires them to do more due diligence and know more about the buyer and seller in each transaction.
Defaulting homeowners sell by short sale to avoid foreclosure. But neither bankers nor real estate agents are publicly admitting that distrust is pervasive because a few dishonest realty agents are in cahoots with scammers. Instead the banks hope that signing the affidavit will dissuade all realty agents from participating or looking the other way when fraud is occurring.

There are several ways that realty agents commit short sale fraud, Coop says. "If the real estate agent is actively participating in the fraud," he says, "the property's neighborhood code may be misrepresented in order to give the appearance that the property is in an area with much lower values."

Thus anyone reading the multiple listings will think the property is overpriced and avoids making an offer. Consequently the property languishes on the market and the lender is more apt to accept less.

"The agent may not list the property at all and convince the lender to agree to a lower price," Coop says. "Or the agent may simply withhold higher offers from legitimate buyers."

After the lender substantially lowers the price, the real estate agent sends the lender a lowball offer from the scammer. Meanwhile, an undisclosed third party waits in the background to buy at full value.

The scammer buys low, hikes the price to a third party, pockets the difference, and the realty agent gets paid.

"In extreme cases," Coop says, "a few days before the short sale is due to close," the agent tells the lender that original buyer "is either unable or unwilling to complete the purchase."

Coop says that the original buyer was fictitious to begin with and the agent produces an all cash offer from the scammer. "But in order to close the sale, the price must be reduced by $10,000 or more," the agent tells the lender.

Even though lenders are losing millions of dollars to scams, requiring all realty agents involved in short sale transactions to sign the affidavit harasses honest agents in too wide of a net being cast. In turn, they may not want to sell properties for which Bank of America, Wells Fargo or other lenders requiring similar affidavits are involved.

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Berkshire's Charles Munger: Housing Bubble Caused By 'Megalomania, Insanity, And Evil'

-Huffington Post

Charles Munger, the always-quotable vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, wasn’t mincing words on Friday.

“The bubble in America was caused by some combination of megalomania, insanity and evil in, I would say, investment banking, mortgage banking,”Munger said at a conference in Pasadena.

In assigning responsibility for the housing bubble that precipitated the financial-sector collapse of 2008, and ushered in a period of prolonged economic contraction, Munger also took issue with the accounting industry, calling it "contemptible" for its role in the debacle.

And he had particular scorn for Richard Fuld, the former chairman and CEO of Lehman Brothers.

“I would guess that Dick Fuld has not a single ounce of contrition wherever he sits today,” Munger said.

Munger was speaking at a “Morning with Charlie” event, held in lieu of the annual shareholder meeting of Wesco Financial, a Berkshire company that Munger had chaired.

Berkshire Hathaway recently acquired Wesco’s remaining stock, removing the company from public trading. Munger chose to make a public appearance anyway, though he said in April that the event would only be “for hard-core addicts.”

Munger is known for his blunt, often combative pronouncements. In April, he opined to a group of shareholders that Greece was in trouble because its citizens “don’t want to pay taxes or do much work.” In 2009, he called cap and trade “monstrously stupid.”

Around the same time, he said of Wall Street pay, “A man does not deserve huge amounts of pay for creating tiny spreads on huge amounts of money. Any idiot can do it. And, as a matter of fact, many idiots do do it.”

At Friday’s meeting, Munger endorsed Coca-Cola stock, calling it “one of my favorites” and an “easy choice” for investors. He praised Elizabeth Warren, President Obama’s appointee to oversee the Consumer Financial protection Bureau, according to Bloomberg.

He had a qualified compliment for former Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan, whom he called “a smart man” but one who “totally overdosed on Ayn Rand at a young age.”

And he gave a wry nod to his own fanbase. Noting that Friday’s meeting would be the last of its kind, Munger told the crowd, “You all need a new cult hero.”

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New Partnership Provides Appraisers With Green Valuation Tools

-EcoHome

As part of the Obama Administration's efforts to improve commercial building efficiency 20% by 2020, U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced a new partnership that will work to ensure that appraisers nationwide have the information, practical guidelines, and professional resources they need to evaluate energy performance when conducting commercial building appraisals.

In conjunction with the Washington, DC-based Appraisal Foundation, the Department of Energy (DOE) will develop information and educational tools relating to valuing green buildings based on the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, the generally accepted standards for U.S. building appraisers. These tools and resources will help appraisers appropriately include energy performance and sustainability in valuations.

While the agreement is for commercial buildings, over time the foundation also will consider the need for green home guidance, according to Paula Douglas Seidel, Appraisal Foundation executive administrator.

Under the partnership, the DOE will develop educational materials and create a database to provide commercial appraisers with energy-savings data, federal green building programs and policies, and additional information on energy performance. Last year, commercial buildings accounted for about 20% of all the energy used in the United States.

The public-private partnership is a good step in the right direction in the painfully slow process of advocating for energy-conscious appraising and lending practices, says David Porter, owner of the Stanwood, Wash., consulting firm Porter Works, which offers a Green Specialist training program for appraisers, lenders, and insurance professionals nationwide. Nevertheless, there is still much more work to be done before green buildings are fully valued by lenders and appraisers.

“Ultimately we need state appraisal boards to require training on green and energy efficiency before an appraiser can accept an assignment for such a property,” he says.

Finally, Porter is looking forward to the day when energy-efficient residential projects receive full recognition and value from the lending community, especially retrofits. “Out of 128 million homes in the U.S. we have 95 million that are in need of some energy efficiency improvements,” he adds.

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9 Items Homebuyers Desire in 2011

-Real Estate News

Today's homebuyers want it all.

Some items on the shopping list: a home in great condition with rooms that can do double duty. Areas that mingle indoor and outdoor living -- patios, porches, decks and outdoor rooms -- are always a plus. And so are those features that offer a little luxury, like garden tubs, first-rate appliances and high-dollar countertops.

They're also going back to basics: searching for solid, well-maintained properties that will give them their money's worth.

"I think this year they're buying properties that are in good mechanical condition that have inherent value," says Ron Phipps, president of the National Association of Realtors.

But more than anything, buyers want to drive a hard bargain.

They want "great deals," says Patricia Szot, president of the MetroTex Association of Realtors. "And no matter where a seller prices their property, they're looking to negotiate."

Here are nine items popular with buyers this year:

Homes in Good Condition

Buyers demand homes that are well maintained, Phipps says. "There's not a lot of flexibility in that." The attitude is: "I'd rather spend the money getting into the house" and not have to spend more money later, he says. Buyers don't want an unknown expense hanging over their heads.

Pat Vredevoogd Combs agrees. "I'm not working with too many people who want a fixer-upper," says Combs, past president of the National Association of Realtors and vice president of Coldwell Banker AJS Schmidt in Grand Rapids, Mich.

One big reason: With most transactions, "buyers have limited amounts of cash," Phipps says. "Even if they want to do a fixer-upper, they don't have the money to do it."

"Buyers have enough money to buy," he says. "They don't have enough money to buy and improve. And the lenders make it really difficult."

Rock-Bottom Bargains

Buyers "are more focused on negotiating, drawing limits in their mind and focusing on the strategy," says Justin Knoll, president of the Denver Board of Realtors.

Some of it is a point of pride, he says. "They want to tell their friends and family that they really got a smokin' deal."

They "want value," says Alice Walker, president of the Greater Nashville Association of Realtors. "They are very picky. They're just a lot more critical. They are not going to settle because they know they don't have to."

Her advice to sellers: Repair, update, clean and stage. "You have got to remove every obstacle possible for the buyers," Walker says.

The more-for-less approach even holds when buyers consider bank-owned properties, says Joan Pratt, real estate broker, Re/Max Professionals in Castle Pines, Colo. "They want the short sales and the foreclosures and they want them to look like they're owner-occupied," she says. "They don't want to paint. They don't want to put carpet in. They don't want to clean."

And they're surprised when they don't find it, Pratt says.

Outdoor Living Areas

"The thing that we've seen over the past couple of years is more outdoor living areas," says Laurie Knudsen, president of the Charlotte Regional Realtor Association. Some popular features: Screen porches, outdoor kitchens, two-way fireplaces.

"It's a selling point if a house already has it," she says. And "it's going to make it more competitive on the market."

Incentives

Call it "Rock-bottom deals, part two."

Along with pricing, "it's all about incentives," says Mabel Guzman, president of the Chicago Association of Realtors. To pique buyer interest, sellers offer everything from gift cards for new furniture and paint to financial assistance at closing.

Szot agrees, and laments that it's made the road more difficult for sellers.

"Not only are (buyers) asking them to lower the price, but they are asking for a lot more," Szot says. "So negotiations are a lot more difficult now."

Practical Green Features

Call it "Yankee frugality," says Phipps. But what he sees on buyer shopping lists is a home that is easy on the planet because it's easy on the wallet.

Buyers are looking for things like triple-glazed windows, high-efficiency boilers and energy-efficient appliances. "The buyer of today wants to make sure that the ongoing operating costs of the house are as controlled and economical as possible," he says.

Another popular item: nontech green features. Buyers are looking at the sun exposure in relation to energy efficiency, he says. And that's something that will vary with the area and region, he says. "In some areas, you want larger overhangs to minimize the sun," Phipps says. "In my area (New England), lots of windows on the southern side to maximize the sun would be smart."

Open Kitchens

"The wall between the kitchen and the family room is evaporating," Phipps says.

"The kitchen is becoming part of the gathering space," he says. "And it's ironic -- it's the way it was 300 years ago. We've come full circle."

Repurposed Materials

Buyers like a material that looks or feels natural, even if it's not the genuine article, Phipps says. For example, "granite (for counters) is still popular, but it doesn't have to be granite," he says. "It can be stone, another natural material or something that looks like stone."

"We're seeing lots of different materials and lots of reusable materials, which is interesting," he says. "Also a lot of unusual uses of hardwood -- like pine flooring (reclaimed and) reused for counters," or terra cotta slabs -- beautifully glazed -- used for countertops, he says.

Smaller, Less-Formal Homes

Buyers are buying smaller homes, but they want to be able to use and reuse every inch of space, Phipps says. "They are being much more strategic and efficient with how they use it."

Formal spaces that might only be used three or four times per year are disappearing. "The slipcover rooms are gone," says Phipps.

That's "led to a repurposing of space," he says. Formal living rooms have been added to great rooms or converted into home offices or entertainment rooms.

"Three to five years ago, if they could get a loan that would get them into a McMansion with stone and tile and brick and more rooms than they needed, they would do it," says Jeff Wiren, president of the Portland Metropolitan Association of Realtors. "Now they're saying 'I don't know if I want to heat that place and clean it.' They're being much more realistic."

Touches of Luxury

Buyers like luxury. And sometimes the amenities that convey that feeling of living large are relatively simple or inexpensive.

One example: coffee bars in the master bedroom. "It's like a butler's pantry in your bedroom," Pratt says. "An area for your coffee pot and accoutrements and a little fridge."

The feature has been popular, especially in high-end homes, for about five years, she says.

Another luxury touch: high-dollar finishes in less-expensive homes, Knoll says. Granite counters and stainless steel appliances, marble tiles in the bathrooms and vessel or undermount sinks continue to impress, he says.

Buyers also like "a living space where you can have barstools and do some entertaining," he says.

Says Knoll, "There is a sex appeal about housing, and they do get excited about those kinds of things."

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